Call to Action! Hypertension and Dyslipidemia in Mexico: Underestimated Deadly Duo

Main Article Content

Martin Rosas-Peralta
Héctor Galván-Oseguera
Luis Alcocer
Humberto Álvarez-López
Ernesto Cardona-Muñoz
Adolfo Chávez-Mendoza
José Manuel Enciso-Muñoz

Abstract

Background: High blood pressure and dyslipidemia are risk factors that begin silently and share many pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue damage.


Aim: Draw attention to this binomial (Hypertension and dyslipidemia) that is highly prevalent in Mexico and is mainly responsible for the leading atherothrombotic process as a cause of death in Mexico and the world.


Methods: Reflective analysis of the evidence accumulated in the last 20 years. We launch key messages and support why every hypertensive patient should be treated with a statin.


Results: We call for awareness to measure lipid levels and blood pressure twice a year from the age of 20 and to detect these devastating nosological entities as soon as possible. We remove the myth that PCSK9 inhibitors as well as the small interfering RNA of its synthesis are only for familial dyslipidemia. Measurement of serum Lp(a) should be routine, especially if you have a history of your own and family cardiovascular events.


Conclusion: We should be aware of the little impact that health strategies have had to stop the main cause of death in Mexico. Every hypertensive patient should receive a statin, even if their serum LDLc levels are apparently normal. The great challenge of optimal control of the population with hypertension and/or dyslipidemia continues. The small interfering RNA synthesis PCSK9 should also be considered when conventional therapies are not sufficient and this situation is not infrequent.

Article Details

Rosas-Peralta, M., Galván-Oseguera, H., Alcocer, L., Álvarez-López, H., Cardona-Muñoz, E., Chávez-Mendoza, A., & Enciso-Muñoz, J. M. (2024). Call to Action! Hypertension and Dyslipidemia in Mexico: Underestimated Deadly Duo. Annals of Clinical Hypertension, 8(1), 007–010. https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.ach.1001036
Short Perspectives

Copyright (c) 2024 Rosas-Peralta M, et al.

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Causes of death in Mexico. INEGI 2023. Available from: https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/buscador/default.html?q=causas+de+muerte+2023

The Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases. WHO. Available from: https://www.paho.org/es/enlace/carga-enfermedades-cardiovasculares

Sectorial program derived from the national development plan 2019-2024. Mexico. Available from: https://climate-laws.org/document/national-development-plan-2019-2024_9f22

Rosas-Peralta M. Cardio-Reno-Metabolic-Neurological Connection “CARMEN”; in: Manual for the certification of health personnel of the first contact on the care of patients with hypertension. ASECOM Eds. 2024. ISBN 978-607-59590-4-7.

Rosas-Peralta M, Galván-Oseguera H, Velasquez-Vélez T, Borrayo-Sánchez G. Dyslipidemia as an associated risk factor in hypertensive women. Cardiovasc Metab Sci. 2024;35:s15-s17. Available from: https://www.medigraphic.com/pdfs/cardiovascuar/cms-2024/cmss241d.pdf

Palomo-Pinon S, Antonio-Villa N, Garcia-Cortés L, Alcocer L, Alvarez-Lopez H, Cardona-Muñoz E, et al. Patients living with arterial hypertension in Mexico: first insights of The Mexican Registry of Arterial Hypertension (RIHTA Study). Am J Hypertens. 2024;37(7):503-513. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpae024

Kovach ChP, Mesenbring EC, Gupta P, Glorioso TJ, Ho M, Waldo SW, et al. Projected outcomes of optimized statin and ezetimibe therapy in US military veterans with coronary artery disease. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(8):e2329066. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.29066

Coppinger C, Movahed MR, Azemawah V, Peyton L, Gregory J, Hashemzadeh M. A comprehensive review of PCSK9 inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2022;27:10742484221100107. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/10742484221100107

Shetty NS, Gaonkar M, Patel N, Knowles JW, Natarajan P, Arora G, Arora P. Trends of lipid concentrations, awareness, evaluation, and treatment in severe dyslipidemia in US adults. Mayo Clin Proc. 2024;99(2):271-282. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2023.09.016

Aygun S, Tokgozoglu L. Comparison of current international guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia. J Clin Med. 2022;11(23):7249. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237249

Ascasoa JF, Civeira Fb, Guijarroc J, López JM, Mansana L, Mostaza JM, et al. Indications for PCSK9 inhibitors in clinical practice. Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis (SEA), 2019. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2019;31(3):128-139. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arteri.2019.04.002

Duarte Lau F, Giugliano RP. Lipoprotein(a) and its significance in cardiovascular disease: A review. JAMA Cardiol. 2022 Jul 1;7(7):760-769. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2022.0987

Reyes-Soffer G, Ginsberg HN, Berglund L, Duell PB, Heffron SP, Kamstrup PR, et al. Lipoprotein(a): A genetically determined, causal, and prevalent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2022;42(1):e48-e60. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1161/atv.0000000000000147

Backes JM. Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular risk. US Pharm. 2023;48(11):17-23. Available from: https://researchworks.creighton.edu/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Lipoproteina-and-Cardiovascular-Risk/991006058770802656

Kronenberg F, Mora S, Stroes ESG, Ference BA, Arsenault BJ, Berglund L, et al. Lipoprotein(a) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis: a European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:3925–3946. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac361

Vinci P, Di Girolamo FG, Panizon E, Tosoni LM, Cerrato C, Pellicori F, et al. Lipoprotein(a) as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases: pathophysiology and treatment perspectives. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(18):6721. Available from: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20186721

Varvel S, McConnell JP, Tsimikas S. Prevalence of elevated Lp(a) mass levels and patient thresholds in 532,359 patients in the United States. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2016;36(11):2239-2245. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1161/atvbaha.116.308011

Ishiyama Y, Hoshide S, Kario K. Systemic hemodynamic atherothrombotic syndrome: from hypothesis to evidence. Hipertens Res. 2024;47:579–585. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-023-01459-9

Ray KK, Wright RS, Kallend D, Koenig W, Leiter LA, Raal FJ, et al. ORION-10 and ORION-11 Investigators. Two phase 3 trials of inclisiran in patients with elevated LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(16):1507-1519. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1912387